Chess Schools in India

  

Chess Schools in India are highly equipped institutes, giving the right tutorial on how to play chess. Some of the chess academies and schools are running by the world chess champions. The training in Chess brings the capacity to memorize or use the best way on how to manage the stress during the chess tournaments. Some of the important chess academies are Dibyendu Barua Chess Academy, Calcutta Chess Academy, Gariahat Chess Clubs, Alekhine Chess Club and many more.

Indian Chess School
Indian Chess School (ICS) is erected by India's first FIDE Instructor (World Chess Federation’s (FIDE) Licensed Chess Trainer) Praful Zaveri. It was established in 2010. Indian Chess School is currently operating at 12-centers in India.

Chess Gurukul
Chess Gurukul is a Chess academy in Chennai run by Ramachandran Ramesh. He took part in many national and international level Chess competitions like National Amateur Chess Competition, Rapid Chess Competition, World Under 12 National Chess Championships, National Junior Girls Chess Championship 2016, World Under 16 Chess Olympiads and many national and international level tournaments.

Kunte's Chess Academy
Kunte's Chess Academy is run by Mrs. Mrunalinee Kunte-Aurangabadkar from the year 1995. Kunte's Chess Academy also holds regular training camps by renowned players. Kunte's Chess Academy helps in developing many great skills as well as work well under stress, take defeat with a grace and to esteem the friends and opponents.

Genius Chess Academy
Genius Chess Academy provides high quality instruction and professionally run competitions for young chess players of all skill levels. It was founded by Mr Sandeep Chitkara. This Chess academy is engaged with a wide range of activities for school children. It also provides the basic chess tutorials like puzzle solving, memorizing for improved memory, frequent testing and evaluation to ensure effective learning. The mission of Genius Chess Academy is to spot the upcoming players and shape them into world class professionals. To achieve this lofty ideal, Genius Chess Academy provide them capable and well equipped coaching classes before sending them for world class or national level or the regional level chess tournaments.

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Indian Tribal Languages

  

Indian subcontinent consists of an umpteen number of separate linguistic communities, at times sharing a common language and culture and again, at times standing in huge difference in dialects. It is already acknowledged that cosmopolitan and metropolitan populace possesses their indigenous sophisticated version of language and mode of communication. However, the point of interest in this context is the mode of utilisation of the language of tribes and tribal population in the country.

Tribal people make up 8.2 percent of the nation's total population, which adds to over 84 million people, according to the 2001 Indian census. Tribal people are essentially an aboriginal community residing in India, possessing their own customs and languages. With their own mellifluous and rational style of living, Indian tribesmen are almost secluded in their universe, cut off from the rest of 'civilised' society. As such, it has since long remained a point of much curiosity and research about the kind of daily life they lead, or the style of language they employ. Indeed, Indian tribal languages are perhaps the second most enamouring topic of daily discussion, with the first being accredited to tribal dance and jewellery.

Different Types of Indian Tribal Language
Indian tribal language can be defined as essentially 'folk' languages, possessing no literary specifications of their own and spoken by people of ethnic groups who prefer to live in relatively isolated groups. Indian tribal languages can simply be defined as the traditional languages utilised by the tribal folk. The languages used by tribal communities in India are indeed quite complex, but still priceless relics of India's past and nearly overshadowed glory. This is the precise reason why they are preserved orally in the form of songs, legends and other tales. Some of the leading tribal language-speaking groups comprise: Garo tribes, Chakma tribes, Naga tribes, Gond tribes, Mizo tribes, Munda tribes, Santhali tribes, Khasia tribes, Oraon tribes and the tribe of Manipur.

Some of the tribal languages prevalent in India are Abujmaria, Garo, Aariya, and Tsangla, Saurashtri etc.The Garo language is spoken by the tribal communities residing in and around Garo hills, Meghalya, Tripura, Western Assam, and Nagaland. Several dialects of this language include Megam, Chisak, Atong etc. Another tribal language is Abujmaria which is spoken by the people of Abujmar hills in Bastar District. The Hill Maria tribal community uses this language as their medium to converse with their folks. This language is of Dravidian language family. Saurashtri is another tribal language which is also termed as Patnuli. Tribal communities residing in different parts of Andhra Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, North Arcot and Chennai speak in this language. Apart from these tribal languages, there are some other tribal languages namely Gadaba spoken by the people of Koraput district of Orissa. Aariya is another tribal language spoken by the tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh and Tsangla spoken in some villages of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Sindhi Cuisine, Indian Regional Cuisine

  

Sindhi Cuisine is great in taste, rich in flavour and is infused with choicest aromatic spices. Sindhi cuisine encompasses a wide variety of dishes introduced by Sindhi people. While Sindh is not geographically a part of modern India, its list of food is equally tasted and enjoyed by the people of India. Starting from snacks to main course to desserts, it has everything to offer to its food lovers.

Features of Sindhi Cuisine
Sindhi cuisine, especially the local one was greatly influenced after the arrival of Islam in South Asia. The cuisines of Middle East, South Asia, and Central Asia had high impact on the cuisine of Sindh. The daily Sindhi food has wheat flour bread and rice as prominent aspect of a meal. It also comprises of lots of onions in dry and gravy dishes giving a delicious flavour to all the dishes. There are many Sindhi people who prefer non-vegetarian cuisines but there are also certain communities who are fond of vegetarian food.

Delicacies of Sindhi Cuisine
Sindhi Cuisine comprises of various snacks such as ‘Kutti’, ‘Lolo’ or ‘Mithi Loli’, ‘Maal-apuroo Mithaee Maanii’, ‘Ku-ini Kich-anee’, ‘Chhola Dhabal’, ‘Ka-raw-o’ and ‘Bhat’. On special occasions a vegetable with seven variants is cooked which is called ‘Chiti Kuni’.

There are innumerable main course dishes like the popular ‘Sindhi Biryani’ which is prepared using steamed boiled rice mixed with special Sindhi recipe of spices. Then there is ‘Sindhi Kadhi’ which is a combination of chick pea flour and vegetables like lady finger, potato and eggplant. ‘Seyal Mani’, ‘Seyal Dab-roti’, ‘Seyal Phulka’, ‘Bhugi Bhaji’, ‘Seyal Bhaji’, ‘Sabu dal chawar’, ‘Masala Koki’, ‘Loli’, ‘Loli Du-dh’, ‘Pappad’, ‘Dhodo Chutney’, ‘Sai Bhaji’, ‘Bugha Chawar’, ‘Bhugal Bheeha’, ‘Dhangi Fulko’, ‘Kadhi Chawal’, ‘Besan ji Bhaji’, ‘Bhugal Teewarn’, ‘Dal Tikkhar’, ‘Tikhi Dal khichdi’, ‘Bhugge Chawal’, ‘Pava’, ‘Dal Pakwan’, ‘Keemo’, ‘Seyal Pallo’ are some other food items that fall under Sindhi main course dishes.

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Indian Cave Paintings

  

Indian cave paintings are of utmost importance due to the lack of proper documented and written records of prehistoric period. Moreover, Indian cave paintings have more durability than most other forms of paintings and are comparatively safe from general wear and tear that gravely affects paper, fabric, wooden or other form of ancient art. Indian caves provide the adequate setting for preservation of ancient paintings by means of which an idea about the ancient way of life and society can be obtained.

The blessed topography of India comprises of adequate landscapes that provide the perfect setting for cave paintings and other rock-cut sculptures. Approximately, there are almost 1500 separate caves in the country at present, and more new caves are being exhumed with the course of time. The Deccan Plateau of India comprises of granite, Basalt, diorite which is extensively available in the area. Deep caves provide the idyllic protection from various elements, for the diverse culture and creative styles in Indian cave paintings.

Religious Cave Paintings in India
Various natural rock-cut caves of India usually contain ancient and prehistoric cave art and paintings which is spread though out the country from the Himalayas to the southern part of India. The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh are of outstanding importance as there are around 500 caves and rock shelter which contain numerous paintings. The earliest painting may be as old as 15,000 years and it shelters some of the most primitive paintings created by humans around the world. The earliest petroglyphs are also located in here which may be almost 290,000 years old. The Ajanta Caves also contains very old paintings that can be dated back to 1st century BC, although most of the other paintings are originally from 460 - 480 AD. The murals in the Ajanta are famous for Buddhist art which centre on the life tales of Lord Buddha. Various mythical creatures like Nagas, Yakshas, Vrikshikas, and also other goddesses. The unique artworks of Jogimara Cave in Chhattisgarh, which were made around the 1st century BC, are not linked with religion, unlike most other Indian Cave Paintings, instead they portray images of elephant, fish and dancing couples.

In Maharashtra, the Pitalkhora Caves were ornamented with artistic paintings that belong to the 4th century AD and these have been preserved till now. More stunning paintings are conserved in Bagh Caves, Madhya Pradesh, which also date back to 4th - 6th century AD. The paintings in the Badami Cave Templesof Karnataka, approximately from late 6th - 7th century AD, portray paintings of Lord Brahma riding his swan. In Orissa, Ravan Chhaya rock shelter, also hosts remarkable testament of art of the tempera painting style. The Ellora Cavesof Maharashtra are also of great importance as five caves enclose remnants of ancient Indian painting. The striking murals of the Cave 32 and 33, which are from the 9th- 11th century, mark the origin of the medieval era Indian painting. The paintings in the Kailasanatha temple are conserved in a better state.

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Seven Major Chakras , Kundalini Yoga

  

The Chakras are energy centers of body that are considered flowerlike, which open and close as well as spin like wheels. The Chakras are the receiver of the spiritual universal energy as well as the centers through which the body deciphers energy. The most popular model of the Chakra system describes seven major charkas as well as many minor charkas. The seven major charkas are located along the central line of the body or the spinal cord, the lowest situated at the root of tailbone and the highest situated at the top of head. The Chakras are named as Root Chakra, Sacral Chakra, Solar Plexus Chakra, Heart Chakra, Throat Chakra, Brow Chakra and Crown chakra.

Other Chakra models include several other Chakras with the aura at a foot or two below the feet and several feet high above the head. The Chakras are composed of high frequency energy strands, which are perceived as light to the spiritual eyes. The universal energy enters the body through the Chakras and flow upward from the lower to higher energy centers. The lower Chakras are simple functioning but the degree of sophistication increases in the ascending order. The higher charkas are more spiritual functioning, that is intimately related to the life experience and the unison of an individual with the whole creation. The seven charkas have intrinsic interrelationships between them, which are connected through an energy channel and are of great importance as the energy healer.

The energy that is brought and assimilated by the Chakras is the major source of our physical, emotional, mental, intuitive and spiritual existence. The Chakras act as the pathway for the energy to be taken in, metabolized and sent to major nerve center and endocrine gland system, which helps in mental and physical well-being. Each chakra vibrates with different frequencies and each has their specific quality and characteristics.

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East Indian Dances, Indian Regional Dance

 

East Indian Dances comprise of an eye-catching combination of classical, folk and tribal dance forms that replicate the history of the region spanning over a time frame of hundred years. As a result of developing over several eras, the dances of eastern India have been catalysed by various factors.

East Indian Dances are the outcome of several religious inspirations, cultural expressions, as well as entertainment. Eastern India; coloured by the rainbow of cultural and linguistic characteristics; even thrives to be a standalone barricaded by the shadow lines of historical influences intermingled with the existing traditions of the land. Eastern India had been the historical centre of the Kalinga, Sunga and Pala empires, who had the monopoly of the political reigns to their kitty. The states also experienced the rule of Mughals and then the British empires that influenced the culture, music and tradition of eastern India a lot. Thus the major dances that emerged as the popular dance forms of the region include several folk and tribal dances along with classical dance forms.

Some of the East Indian Dances are as follows:

Jhijhian: Jhijhian dance is a dance style, well-liked in Bihar. This is a ritualistic dance performed during no-rain time and aims at building the God of rain pleased. The dance is accompanied by a song which is full of prayers to Lord Indra, the rain God. The participants of the dance comprise a lead singer, harmonium player, a flute player, and a dholak player.

Paika: Another popular dance form of Bihar is Paika. The dance reminds us of infantry and its quickness, courage, and excitement. The dance is popular mainly in the Mayurbhanj region. A flat ground is essential for its performance. This dance displays the skills and the ability of the dancers to handle these weapons. The dance reaches its climax with the fast beats produced by ‘Mandal’. Performers wear colourful turbans and tight dhotis and stand in two rows. Holding the wooden swords and shields in their hands, warriors engage in a fierce mock combat.

The Santhal Dance: This dance is based on the folk dance of Madhya Pradesh. This is the dance that usually wraps the themes related to the matters of gender and land rights. Both men and women take part in the Santhal dance.

Phagua: This is a dance that is performed by the males in the time of Hindu festival Holi. Throughout their performance, the dancers throw coloured water and powder on each other. Women also join this Phagua dance in some of the parts of Jharkhand.

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Folk Songs of Garhwal, Uttarakhand

  

Folk songs of Garwals bring a feel of the typical North Indian essence. The 'lok geet' of the region has a mass appeal and makes people fall in love with the tune. The folk music of the region adds to the beauteousness of the Garhwal Division. The folk songs of Garhwal are associated with folk stories, festivals, gods and simple pastoral life of people in the state of Uttarakhand. The folk music of this region is well integrated in every part of the state of Uttarakhand. The 'lok geet' of Garhwal has become versatile during the last decade and it has invited a lot of new Garhwali talent to promote the folk songs of the region. The diversity of Garhwali music or Garhwali songs stretches to a large dimension with the areas like martial panwaras, ceremonial mandals and melancholy khuded, thadya and jhoda. Some of the popular folk songs of Garhwal are:

Chhopati - Folk Songs of Garhwal
This particular folk song is popular in the Jaunpur-Rawain area of the Tehri Garhwal. 'Chhopati' is actually love songs that are sung between male and female in form of questions and answers.

Chounphula and Jhumeila - Folk Songs of Garhwal
This form of dance, 'Chounphula' & Jhumeila', is a seasonal dance form which take place from 'Basant Panchami' to 'Sankranti' or 'Baisakhi'. The mixed dance form that is restricted to women is Jhumeila, but 'Chounphula' is actually a spinning form of a dance that is performed at night, in a group, by people of all community. Chounphula is a dance form which is performed to appreciate the gift of nature. Jhumeila, Chounphula and Daryola folk songs derive their names from the concerned folk dances.

Basanti - Folk Songs of Garhwal
Basanti is a folk song which is, in most cases, sung by individuals or by groups. These songs are mainly composed to welcome the spring season, when flowers bloom and there is a feel of freshness in the valleys of the Garhwal Hills.

Mangal - Folk Songs of Garhwal
Mangal songs are mainly composed to be sung during puja ceremonies, performed during marriage, to be sung along with the Sanskrit 'Shlokas' chanted by the Purohits.

Bajuband - Folk Songs of Garhwal
This particular folk song is concerned with love and sacrifice between shepherds. It is a dialogue of love, sung in the form of 'lok geet' or folk song, to be shared between a boy and a girl or a man and a woman.

Jaggar (Jagar) - Folk Songs of Garhwal
This is a form of song which is mainly composed to worship spiritual and ghostly beings. This particular song is accompanied with dances. Sometimes, however, Jaggar can also be in the form of Puja folk songs and are sung in .honour of the various gods and goddesses.

Khuded - Folk Songs of Garhwal
Khuded is a folk song of Garhwal which depicts the sadness and suffering of a woman, caused due to separation from her husband. Here the woman laments the time that she is away from her husband because the man may be out with a job or away from home for some work. 'Pawada' also belongs to this category of folk songs where separation is felt when the husband has gone to the battlefield.

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Genres of Indian Commercial Cinema

  

The genres of the mainstream Commercial Cinema in India comprises number of significant themes and subjects that find repeated expression. Romantic love stories, action and revenge thrillers, social drama and injustice, patriotism, comedy, friendships and male bonding, animation and horror, mythology and devotion are the genres of Indian commercial films. The themes incorporated in these different commercial genres reflect a distinctively culture-specific approach that is adopted to give these commercial films a characteristic Indian outlook. It is for these genres and their respective appeals that Indian Cinema cannot do without commercial movies that drive masses to the theatres.

Action Thriller Genre in Indian Commercial Cinema
The action and thriller genre are one of the most prominent genres of Indian commercial cinema, showcasing the typical idea of the hero fighting a group of bad men or the main villain, with stunt sequences and thrills that entertain the audience. Action films came largely into vogue in the 1970s and 80s with the rise of the concept of Angry Young Man initiated by megastar Amitabh Bachchan in the 1973 Hindi action drama ‘Zanjeer’. Bollywood actors, such as Dharmendra, Vinod Khanna and Bachchan himself were the popular action icons of the time. Down south it was superstar Rajinikanth who set the trend in Tamil Cinema, followed by the legendary Kamal Haasan. ‘Sholay’, ‘Shahenshah’, ‘Agneepath’, ‘Don’, ‘Kohraam’, ‘Dharam Veer’, ‘Hukumat’ were the action movies of the time and the late 80s saw the genre further promoted with emergence of action stars Sunny Deoland Sanjay Dutt, whose noted action films include ‘Ghayal’, ‘Ghatak’, ‘Khalnayak’ and ‘Vaastav: The Reality’. The 90s saw the rise of credible action stars Ajay Devgn and Akshay Kumar, the most noted movies of whom count ‘Khiladi’, ‘Mohra’, ‘Phool Aur Kaante’ and ‘Haqeeqat’. The popular action movies of the 21st century include ‘Indian’, ‘Gangaajal’, ‘Khakee’ ‘Yuva’, ‘Aan: Men At Work’, ‘Company’, ‘Dhoom’ series, ‘Ek Hasina Thi’, ‘Dus’, ‘Race’, ‘Singham’ series, ‘Rowdy Rathore’ and ‘Baby’ in Hindi and ‘Run’, ‘Sivaji: The Boss’, ‘Billa’, ‘Dasavathaaram’ and ‘Enthiran’ in Tamil.

Romantic Genre in Indian Commercial Cinema
Romance and eroticism have always featured strongly in Indian Cinema. As with most traditions of cinema in the East and the West, romantic films and love stories are appealingly popular in India and have been so from the very inception. Here again, one sees clearly the shaping hand of culture. The sentiments expressed and the mannerisms of expression are also rooted in traditional culture. Compared to Western films, sexuality showcased in Indian films is less. Songs play a vital role in Indian romantic films, eroticism and sexuality often closely linked with them.

One filmmaker who epitomized romance on the silver screen was director-producer Yash Chopra. He is referred to as the "King of Romance", with his illustrious list of romantic films including the likes of ‘Silsila’, ‘Kabhie Kabhie’, ‘Darr’, ‘Dil To Pagal Hai’ and ‘Veer Zaara’. Love and romance acquired new dimensions with Yash Chopra. In Indian cinema, the landmark romantic films include ‘Mughal-e-Azam’, ‘Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge’ and ‘Jodhaa Akbar’. In the contemporary times, the romantic genre in Indian commercial cinema has seen changes and been amalgamated with comedy, colloquially referred to as Rom-Coms. Films today deal with the concepts of casual relationships, break-ups, infidelity, extra marital relations, separation and sexuality. These are no more taboos on the Indian celluloid.

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