Nature Tourism in Odisha

Nature Tourism in Odisha is just like a peaceful swim enjoying the warmth of the sun to a tourist. Visiting the famous Puri beach here is also a priority. In the west end of town, along Marine Parade, the atmosphere is more akin to a British Victorian holiday resort, with a row of hotels looking across the parade to the beach. This stretch is very much the domain of the domestic tourist industry. It is an agreeable place to stroll and becomes highly animated after sunset when the nightly souvenir market gets going. Local fishermen patrol the beach as lifeguards; recognizable by their triangular straw hats and dhotis, they wade with their punters into the surf and literally hold their hands to keep them on their feet. 

Konark Beach
Konark has its own beach near the Konark Temple and is 3 km down the Puri road. It was once picturesque but remains thoroughly windswept and forlorn following the impact of the 1999 cyclone in October. Although far from ideal for swimming or sunbathing, it is still a good place to wander in the evening or watch the local fishing fleet at work. 

Gopalpur On Sea
Gopalpur, formerly the ancient port of Paloura, must have been a swinging place. a visit here will enable the travellers to undiscovered beach paradise, and the armies of industrious fishermen (katias) hauling in hand nets on Gopalpur's endless empty shoreline, dressed in traditional pointy straw bonnets. Moreover for those who are looking forward to unwind and enjoy the warm sea breezes, this is as appealing a place as any. Since it is tucked away from the usual beach crowd it is truly the right place to spend the leisurely hours. This tourist place can be accessed through the town of Berhampur, which lies on the main coastal highway and train line. From Berhampur, frequent minibuses and jeeps depart from the central bus stand for the 16-kilometer trip. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/26/nature_tourism_orissa.htm

Kurmasana

Kurmasana is a somewhat advanced yoga posture that putatively prepares the aspirant for Pratyahara, a higher stage in Yoga practice.  First mentioned in the Ahirbhudnya Samhita (200 BC), there has been a Yogic pose termed Kurmasana for at least 2000 years, although its description has demonstrably changed significantly. The asana in its present state is highly beneficial to the spine and the abdominal organs. 

Meaning of Kurmasana 
Kurma means tortoise in Sanskrit, although in this context it refers to the second avatar of Vishnu who took the form of a gigantic tortoise to help the Devas and Asuras churn nectar from the ocean, using a mountain as the churning stick and the celestial serpent Vasuki for rope. 

Yoga Texts and Kurmasana
The asana was first described in the Ahirbhudnya Samhita (200 BC) and was thenceforth described only in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika (1400 AD). The Hatha Yoga Pradipika's description of the Kurmasana differs significantly from the contemporary pose; that involves bending forward and touching the ground with your forehead. 

Effects of Kurmasana
The Kurmasana is considered sacred to the Yogi as it resembles an avatar of Vishnu. It is reputed to prepare the yogi for Pratyahara, a higher stage in yoga practice. The whole spine is stretched forward in a lengthening state. The abdominal organs automatically receive an internal massage. The circulation to the hip joints is increased. This forward bend allows the head, neck and shoulders to relax. 

Precautions in practice of Kurmasana
Always work within your own capacity. Never move in a painful manner or overexert yourself trying to reach the ground. Never over strain, inhale and exhale normally as you hold the final pose.

This posture emphasizes the need for the slow development of all asanas if they are to be experienced in depth. The slowness as symbolized by the tortoise should be the guiding principle in performing this asana. To know more read:

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Matsyasana

Matsyasana is a cultural asana mentioned in several noted Hatha Yogic texts, wherein the practitioner assumes a pose suggestive of floating like a fish. 

Meaning of Matsyasana 
Matsya means fish in Sanskrit. Unlike other asanas which are named after the resemblance of the body to a particular creature during the final position of the asana, the body does not resemble a fish during this asana. The asana is suggestive of the quality of floating like a fish - a state of mind and body induced by assuming this posture. 

Yoga Texts and Matsyasana 

Matsyasana has been mentioned or described in various classical yoga texts. It was first mentioned in the Brihan Naradiya Purana, a Puranic text compiled around 850 AD. It was latermentioned intermittendly in various Puranic texts until being described in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika (1400 AD), the foundatinal text of Hatha Yoga. It was described regularly in the Yoga Upanishads (1400 AD) and in later texts like the Gherand Samhita and the Shri Tattva Nidhi. In sum, Matsyasana has had an unusually long history, and is hence a major yoga asana.

Practice of Matsyasana: 
* Sit in Padmasana and slowly take the help of the elbows to lie down on the back. Then slowly lie on the back completely.
* Now with the help of elbows or palms bend the head backward and place middle of the head on the ground.
* Catch hold of the toes with the index fingers and place the elbows on the ground.
* While returning to original position, release the toes and taking the help of the hands straighten the head.
* Now taking the help of elbow sit in Padmasana. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/1/matsyasana.htm

History of Mud Therapy

Mud is supposed to be one of the best remedies for ailments and thus used as a means of alternative medicines. It relieves the body from internal congestion and enhances blood circulation. It is also used in cosmetology as it contains natural moistures.

The use of earth for remedial purposes was very common in ancient time as well medieval ages. In modern times the Mud Therapy again came into practice as a valuable therapeutic agent.  Emanuel Felke, a German therapist tried to restore the Mud Therapy and was nicknamed as 'Clay Pastor'. Adolph Just was one of the pioneers of natural cure believed that all diseases will be cured if sleeping and lying on earth at night can be made customary. 

During seventeenth to nineteenth century mud therapy became popular in Europe. The treatment for chronic illness was made with mineral waters and mudpacks of different temperatures and compositions. Several experiments were conducted to determine the optimal frequency, temperature and duration of applications and the curative process by Mud Therapy remained always been a mystery to all. 

During the second half of the twentieth century pharmacology developed which gave the idea of Mud Therapy to considered within alternative medicine. In addition to this the present popular revolt against the synthetic medicinal treatment and more demand for natural way of health and wellness aids in reviving the concept of spa treatment. This was more enhanced, as in certain conditions like rheumatoid arthritis no effective synthetic treatments were available. Recently the research by Italian scientists revealed that the treatment with thermal mud from hot spring or fango therapy included the correction of sulphur and nitrogen oxide levels in the cartilage of arthritic patients through improvement of circulation and exchange of necessary materials between fango and the human body. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/16/history_mud_therapy.htm

Indian Reality Shows

Indian reality shows are the trump cards of the producers of the television industry, which are a welcome break from the monotony experienced by the regular television viewers, who are bored of the melodramatic television soaps and serials. From the urge for something new the idea of reality shows sprang up. Simultaneously they generate good revenues for television industry and create a very good platform for thousands who want to achieve great things in their field of interests. The popularity of the Indian reality shows lies in the fact that these are short termed yet these present the perfect dose of entertainment. The characters that are part of the Indian reality shows are for real. As a result it becomes easy for the audiences to relate to the participants.

The Indian reality shows flourished itself in various fields such as singing, dancing, comedy, quiz, modelling, hard core stunts and many other talents. The exciting amount of prize which has hardly been assumed by the common people made a marked difference in the popularity of the Indian reality shows. The presence of popular celebrities has also contributed in raising interest of the common mass. 'Kaun Banega Crorepati', 'Amul Star Voice of India', 'Boogie Woogie', 'Big Boss', 'Comedy Circus', 'Dadagiri Unlimited', 'Dance Bangla Dance', 'Emotional Atyachar', 'Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi', 'Indian Idol', 'Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain?', 'MasterChef India', 'MTV Roadies', 'Sacch ka Saamna', 'Satyamev Jayate' are some of the numerable Indian television reality shows. 

The Indian reality shows make the most of the emotional quotient of the viewers. However, not all the shows have been equally successful. Whilst some of the Indian reality shows achieved unprecedented success, others were rejected by the viewers despite being hosted by the celebrities. Another reason for the popularity of the reality shows is that these are the only alternatives to the melodramatic daily soaps. Moreover they are more believable than the episodes of the daily soaps which have somehow reached a saturation point. The Indian reality shows have also been consistently successful in offering a wide variety. To know more read:

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Tappa, Indian music

Tappa, understood to have been the staple diction of the erstwhile camel drivers, has since come to a ripened age, by being nurtured in the hands of some of the legendary masters in this genre. The word Tappa stands for jumping, bouncing and skipping, implying the extraordinary rule of unremitting attempts made by a singer on the musical notes, not stopping or taking a pause for once. This outstanding formation is unique to tappa only, absent in the other Hindustani classical forms. It is thus composed of rhythmic and rapid notes, and such a style calls for immense and extreme hold over the singing diction. A contrary to which can damage the whole recital. Tappa is very unlike khayal rendition, crisp and highly volatile in its nature. And the few exponents like Ghulam Nabi, Pt. Bholanath Bhatt or Girija Devi have thus become legends in their own right.

It is usually held that tappa is derived from the songs and tunes sung by the camel drivers of North West Punjab. These songs were composed in Punjabi and Pusthu and, like thumri, were amatory in spirit. The word tappa is derived from the root word tap, which means to 'jump', 'bounce', or 'rebound' in the manner of a bouncing ball.

The form itself, with its rapid movements, gives the impression of a briskly hopping ball. Singers attempt to capture these rapid rhythms by hopping from one note to the next, without respite. The song-text is very short and not as elaborately structured as a khayal or a thumri. Singers render it crisply and concisely. One of its most striking features is the singer's use of an unrelenting cascade of jumpy and zig-zag taans called zamzama. Being a highly unpredictable style, the singer cannot, and should not, rest on any of the notes the way khayal and thumri singers do. He or she has to persistently hop from one note to the next improvising as he or she goes along using varieties of taans, which are not used in khayal. Unnecessary to say, this breathless form demands a great mastery over melodic and rhythmic aspects, as the singer has to improvise continually.  To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/27/tappa_indian_music.htm

Types of Playing Cards

Types of playing cards in India vary with multiple rounds and tricks of play. Each of the players plays a single card from hand, and based on the value of the card played, one player wins or takes the trick. There are specific objects to each game and includes taking as many tricks as possible, and also taking as many scoring cards within the tricks won as possible. Bridge, Whist, Euchre, Spades, and the various Tarot card games are popular examples. 

Matching Games
The main idea of matching games, melding or Rummy is to acquire the required groups of matching cards before an opponent can do so. In matching game this done through discarding and drawing, and the groups are known as melds. Mahjong is a more or less same that is played with tiles instead of cards. Non-Rummy examples of match-type games generally fall into the "fishing" genre and include the children's games Go Fish and Old Maid.

Shedding Games
In this type of card game players begin with hand of cards and the objective of the game is to be the first player to discard all cards from one's hand. Some matching-type games are also shedding-type games; some variants of Rummy such as Phase 10 and Rummikub, as well as the children's game Old Maid, fall into both categories. 

Fishing Games
In this type of game the cards from hand are actually played against cards in a layout on the table, thus capturing table cards if they match. Fishing games are famous in many nations. Scopa is considered as the national game of Italy and Cassino is the only fishing game to be extensively played in English speaking counties. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/58/types_playing_cards.htm

Ingredients of Indian Food

Ingredients play a vital role in Indian food as the aroma of the spices and herbs creates miracle when mixed in a common dish. Playing with the ingredients makes the Indian food special because the perfect blend of proper ingredients enhances the taste and add colour to the food. 

The foods of four major religions that originated and are practiced in India are Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. The Muslim religion is also referred to as one of the Indian religions because it was brought to India nine hundred years ago and has since spread over the entire country, with sixty five million followers. The other religions include Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism. Each of these groups has its own code and methods of cooking and eating. India has derived its unique technique of cooking food by developing and incorporating the styles of different countries and races that include Mughals and Persian traditions. Accordingly Indian food has included the ingredients of the food habits of these races. With the passage of time several local herbs and spices found their way into these dishes, thus, giving rise to the distinct new style of cooking known as Mughal cooking. 

The role of spices and herbs goes far beyond pleasing the palate and soothing the senses. They have medicinal properties that were known to the ancient Indians. Ayurvedic scripts in the three-thousand-year-old Holy Hindu Scriptures on herbal medicine list the preventive and curative powers of various spices, herbs and roots in the treatment of common physical ailments. Over many centuries, specific spices were traditionally added to, and thus came to be associated with, certain Indian dishes. Asafetida and ginger root are known to counteract flatulence and colic, so they are added to lentil preparations as a matter of course. Some spices are excellent stimulants of the digestive system, which has a tendency to become sluggish with lack of physical activity. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/39/ingredients_indian_food.htm

Tourism in Kelshi

Tourism of Kelshi in Maharashtra deals with the temples and the mosques like Mahalakshmi temple, Utambar hill and Yaqub Baba Darga. There are also few nature tourism spots like the fortification in the lap of nature, Utambar hill, which meets to the Arabina Sea. There lies another prominent tourist attraction in this region is Kelshi Beach. A visit to Kelshi in monsoon is worthwhile.  Kelshi is the place of perfect weekend in Maharashtra. A trip to Kelshi is a perfect weekend getaway from Pune, Maharashtra to the rustic charm of Konkan Coastal region and its serenity. If one wants to taste the rural life in Konkan, Kelshi is the ideal getaway for him. Kelshi is the place of religious significance, beside it has a long history of medieval era. Kelshi Beach is one of the most beautiful beaches in Dapoli region of Maharashtra, which is not far away from Mumbai, the Capital city of Maharashtra.

Kelshi Beach is located just outside the Kelshi village. It is the lovely beach, which stretches for 2.5 kilometres. The sunsets in Kelshi Beach are lauded to be spectacular. Kelshi has a long, scenic, unexplored beach. Kelshi Beach is calm and peaceful Beach. The beach in Kelshi is about three kilometres in length. This is ideal for people looking for a break from the maddening city crowds of Mumbai and Pune. Along the coast of Kelshi are thick woods and groves of Kevda and Cyprus, coconut and betel nut. A walk on this beautiful beach listening to the ocean waves is really refreshing. It has an endless treasure of conches, shells and cowries. The large black rocks near the place where the Utambar hill meets the sea are a great place to sit and enjoy the Arabian Sea. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/72/tourism_kelshi.htm

Wrestling in India, Indian Traditional Sport

Wrestling in India is said to be amongst the most ancient sports whose past is enriched with glory. Wrestling in modern India is concentrated in the Indian states like Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Haryana. The game of wrestling commenced its journey in India several centuries ago, during the middles ages. Even in the Olympic Games, wrestling is considered to be one of the most significant games. In 708 BC, this game was included in the Olympics. Sakshi Malik, Sushil Kumar Solanki, Udey Chand, Satender Dagar, Gobar Guha, Jatindra Charan Goho, Ambika Charan Guha, Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav, Yogeshwar Dutt, Ghulam Muhammad, Dara Singh and Geeta Phogat are considered as the all time famous and popular wrestlers in India from Independence.  In India, wrestling is also known as 'Malla-Yudhha'. Some forms of Mallayuddha were practiced in India even before the invasion of the Aryans. The famousIndian epic, Mahabharata has numerous references of the game of wrestling in the country. Bhima, an important character in Mahabharata is believed to be a great wrestler. Karna, Jarasandha and Duryodhana were the other great wrestlers mentioned in this epic. Ramayana has also asserted about the activity of wrestling and Hanuman has been described as a talented wrestler here. Malla Purana, which dates back to the thirteenth century mentions about a group of Gujarati Brahmin wrestlers who were known as 'Jyesthimallas'. Wrestling in India, during the ancient times, used to get regular patronage from the emperors and kings of the nation. The kings of pre-independent India nurtured wrestling to a large extent. During the British rule, wrestling in India got another big push, as the British rulers included the game into the military practise. The British military armies, including Indian soldiers got attracted to wrestling, very much. Wrestling in India continued to increase its popularity till the modern days and India was considered among the top 10 countries in wrestling till the 1960s. India also hosted the World Wrestling Championship in New Delhi in 1967.

Wrestling in India can be divided into two main categories like 'Malla Krida' and 'Malla-Yuddha'. While Malla Krida is the sports form of the game, Malla-Yuddha is the battle version of wrestling. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/20/wrestling_india.htm

Tourism In Manipur

Manipur is a captivating state lying in the northeastern state. It is hailed as the land of Manipuri Dance, Phug Cholom and rich culture. The state of Manipur is protected by hills and mountains. The bracing climate lures travelers from all over the world to this part of India. The state of Manipur is one of the seven northeastern states in India. The places of tourist attraction in Manipur are the religious centers, the beautiful lakes, national parks, monuments and scenic hill station. 

The Keibul Lamjao National Park is one of its major tourist attractions. Located near the capital city of Imphal, this is a must visit tourist spot of Manipur. The sight of rare animals and birds is a delight for the nature lovers. Spread over forty square kilometers of wetland, the Keibul Lamjao National Park is debatably the world's only floating sanctuary. Apart from the foliage and topography the park consists of the Loktak Lake, which is the biggest freshwater lake in India. The star appeal, of the park is the browantlered deer. This is a breed of the Thamin deer. Because of its fragile way of walking it is also affectionately called Manipur's dancing deer. Other species of deer seen here comprise the hog deer, sambar and muntjac. Various birds such as the Waterfowl, the Hooded Crane, the Black Eagle and the Shaheen Falcon are found here . The major fresh water lake of Manipur is the Loktak Lake which is also well known by the name of 'Floating Lake' as it one of the exceptional lakes in the world which have the Phundies or floating islands on it. Tourists visiting the lake can also go for the nearby attraction which is the ancient temple of the pre-Hindu deity, Lord Thangjing, located in the Moirang. The Zoological gardens in Manipur is a prime attraction of the place. Flocks of vacationers stopover in the Zoological Gardens to see the diverse species of animals and birds that are kept there. The Zoological Gardens in Manipur is a well-maintained garden that is located at a distance of about six kilometers from Imphal in Manipur in India. A trip to the Zoological Gardens is actually a pleasant expedition for family and friends. The Khonghampat Orchidarium in Manipur is a nature lover's delight. The comforting fragrance of the flowers and wide-ranging colours refreshes the mind and spirit of the tourists. More than hundred and ten varieties of orchids, including quite a few rare species, are grown here. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/25/manipur_tourism.htm

Indo-European Mythical Medicine, Primitive Medicinal Practices in India

Indo-European medicine is a mythical, social and religious phenomenon. The Indo-European mythical medicine may be categorized as follows:  1. Aso Bhesaza: ‘Vedic rta’, the property of Varuna. Varunaic prayer healing was indicated inflictions by the magical sovereign in reprisal for healers of cosmic and religious order. 2. Dato Bhesaza: ‘Vedic Dhaman’, the law of Mitra-Varuna. Mitraic Aryamanic healing by the legalistic sovereign in establishments of rituals of cure. 3. Karto Bhesaza: ‘Vedic Shastra’, connected with metal (surgery). Rudraic healing of violent afflictions like epidemics and warfare. 4. Urbaro Bhesaza: ‘Amrtat’ (ambrosia) connected with plants and vegetations. Urbaro healing with herbs and vegetable liquids. 5. Mathro Bhesaza: Medical spells of magic character, i.e., psychological medicine. Mathro healing by way of psychotherapy and suggestions. Old Iranian Medical specialists are listed as the one who heals by "Aso Bhesaza", the one who heals by the law or "Dato Bhesaza", the one who heals with herbs "Urbaro Bhesaza" and the one who heals with spells "Mathro Bhesaza". There has been a very close parallelism in the methods of Greek medical practice similar to the above. A Vedic comparison is added where Asvins are said to be the healers of the blind, the emaciated and the fractured. The list is taken to present the afflictions to which the spell, herb and surgical cures respectively apply.

The profound similarities between the physiological wind-doctrines of the early Ayurvedics like Sushruta, Charaka and Bhela and the Hippocratic Pneumatism of Periphuson, Perihiers nosou and Periphusics anthropou cannot be overlooked. To know more read:

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Tullal, Indian Dance Form

Tullal is a dance form of enacting a story through dance and music. This originated in the early eighteenth century at Ambalapuzha. This was a small principality on the coast of the erstwhile Travancore area in south Kerala.

It was invented by the trendsetting Malayalam poet Kunchan Nambiyar, who rendered his poetry based on epic themes in this newly formulated visual style. He belonged to the Nambiyar community, percussionists by profession, accompanying on the instrument called 'mizhavu'. This is the traditional presentation of Sanskrit plays known as Kuttu and Kutiyattam.  

There is an interesting story behind the origin of Tullal. During a performance the proficient Kunchan Nambiyar dozed off for a while and did not provide percussive support to the Chakkiyar actor. The Chakkiyar made fun of his behaviour with some whimsical remark. Nambiyar took offence and walked off. In protest against the Chakkiyar's comments, he dissociated from Kutiyattam and started contemplating a different art form. Thus the concept of Tullal comes. Leaving aside the question of credibility, the fact remains that Nambiyar made his art more meaningful and appealing to the common people. This has been done by introducing a new technique of storytelling. Nambiyar was an active participant in the elitist Sanskrit theatre. Apart from his own experience in Kuttu in which social criticism and satire are of prime importance, he delved deep into the popular form of Patayani. He combined this with indigenous narration, rhythms, dance, and costumes in the total art of Tullal. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/34/tullal_indian_dance_form.htm

Carved Diamond Crucifix

The Carved Diamond Crucifix, carved by the Late Mahendra Shah, is a unique and famous diamond sculpture. In fact it is one of the first sculptures to be carved out of black diamond. The beauty of the piece of diamond carving lies in the fact that it is handmade. Diamond is the hardest material and it is a difficult job to carve it into a sculpture. Thus, it is considered indeed an achievement for the artist who uses handmade tools to carve sculptures from such a material. Both patience and diligence are essential for this art. The carved diamond crucifix is of high aesthetic value as well. The Crucifix diamond sculpture marvellously portrays the agony and pain of Christ when he was crucified. 

Whilst discussing the carved diamond Crucifix, it would be interesting to note how it is actually sculpted. The process begins with measuring each and every small part with an electronic digital caliper on the original wooden crucifix. Another interesting fact is that Mahendra Shah designed his own instruments to carve the Crucifix Diamond Sculpture. Assuming 24.44mm:1mm as the conversion factor, all the dimensions were calculated. Thus the head to toe measurement that was 570mm in the wooden crucifix, measured to 23.31mm in the diamond carving. For example the 490mm dimension of head to ankle was converted into 20.04mm. Head to knee, head to thigh, head to waist, head to naval point, head to chest bones, head to chin, head to nose and height from raised hands to bottom stand were all meticulously altered for the diamond carving. There are factual details, too, of the chest width, waist width at navel point, knee width, thigh width, calf width, ankle width, palm width, elbow width, wrist width and the arm-pit width. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/50/diamond_crucifix.htm

Patanjali Yoga Sutra

Patanjali Yoga Sutras is the ancient treasure narrating how to keep the body healthy. This yoga sutra is now one of the most acclaimed elements of everyday life.

"Yoga teaches us to cure what need not be endured and endure what cannot be cured".- Yoga is an art, a science and a philosophy that touches the life of man at every level, bodily, intellectually and spiritually. 

All yoga as practiced today is based on Yoga Sutras, a collection of aphorisms offered more than 2000 years ago by the Indian sage, Patanjali. Yoga Sutras by Maharshi Patanjali are known as the Patanjali Yoga Sutra and is the foundational text for Yoga. Historically, it is believed that Maharshi Patanjali may have lived in around 500 BC to 2000 BC and Patanjali has compiled mainly three subjects of Patanjali Yoga Sutras namely, grammar, medicine and yoga. Patanjali's three works together deal with man's development as a whole in thought, speech and action. 

Patanjali Yoga Sutra explains that the soul is pure and divine provided it is unblemished by action. Man may make or ruin his progress through good actions or bad action. Yogic action leads to religious life and non-yogic actions bind one to the world. With yogic practices the sadhaka is freed from the reactions of his actions and engrossed in Kaivalya. The Patanjali yoga sutra state, through proper practice one can radiate goodwill, friendliness and compassion. The four chapters or padas of the yoga sutras correspond to the four stages of life. The ultimate achievement of following the path of Patanjali yoga sutra is to experience the effortless, indivisible state of the prophet. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/5/patanjali_yoga_sutras.htm

Sculpture in Mathura

Sculptural works in Mathura was already in an elevated position, with the thriving kingdom of the Guptas. The place was considered sophisticated, classical and developed with the elite residing there, with abundance of scholarly events in all spheres of life, including art, architecture, writing etc. Buddhist sculptures in Mathura tried to represent the religious aspects of faiths like Jainism, Brahmanism and of course Buddhism. The Mathura art forms, illustrating Buddhist sculpture, is however known to have been influenced by the early Indian art forms of Bharhut and Sanchi. The Gandhara art influence cannot also denied in this respect. Mathura based sculptural works are believed to have incorporated the various aspects of the old folk forms of Yaksha worship and thus paved the way to an enhanced and religious stylisation. The phenomenal Buddha sculptures, portraying a forward stance, are known to be among the best showcases, representing the skilled craftsmanship of the sculptors of Mathura. The archetypal characteristics evidencing the Mathura theme comprise the mannish built, broad shoulders, and rising of the right hand, suggests the abhyamudra. At its helm, Mathura School of Art was highlighted by penetratingly courteous features and streamlined body with refined impression through crystalline garbs, including a dissimilar hairstyle. 

In spite of an obviously incessant output, dated sculptures of the 3rd and 4th centuries were practically non-existent in Mathura as elsewhere. Kubera, with its Late Kubera, or a small standing yaksa face, with beautifies of a later date and a bulged chest, riding on over-rounded shoulders, resonant of Udayagiri, for certain belongs to the 3rd or early 4th centuries. So do also the Jain Tirthankaras, with dates in single or double digits, as well as the one in the State Museum, Lucknow. A seated Buddha with likewise unprocessed lions and conferrers on the foundation wears a Gandhara-styled robe, covering both shoulders. On one of the rings of the halo are the extensively and proportionately spaced rosettes, distinctive of the forthcoming century. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/23/sculpture_mathura.htm

Female Diseases, Naturopathy

Female Diseases are the diseases concerning the reproductive organs and the related parts of a woman. Women of any age can be affected with these diseases but the general trend predicts that it is the middle aged women who suffer the most. Many of the female diseases have similar symptoms, so it is important to have a proper diagnosis before opting for a treatment. 

Hormonal imbalance is one of the major causes of most of the Female Diseases. Several hormones are produced by the ovary including estrogens, progesterone and testosterones. These help in coordinating the menstrual cycle during the reproductive years of a female. Imbalances in these hormones can give rise to many disorders. Although, hormone imbalance can affect at any age, they are likely to affect the most during puberty and menopause. Besides this, various microbial infections can also lead to various disorders, varying in severity. Disorders affecting the female reproductive organs are common, but many of them can be treated easily.

Female Diseases can be treated in the alternative medicines also to get long term effects. The ancient Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Homeopathic Therapies, Nutritional Therapies and in some cases Progesterone Therapy proves effective in dealing with these diseases.

Diet, vitamin and mineral supplementation, exercise and stress management are holistic approaches intended to help women regain their health and maintain overall wellbeing. Even Yoga can be helpful in reducing the acuity of the diseases. There are some effective medicines offered in Natural Therapy also to get relief from the diseases. To know more read:

http://www.indianetzone.com/37/female_diseases.htm