Assam, nestled in the northeastern region of India, boasts a rich and vibrant musical heritage. The state is renowned for its diverse array of folk and classical music, each reflecting the culture, traditions, and history of its people. The music of Assam is not merely an art form; it is a medium that conveys the essence of its land and people.
Folk Music of Assam
Folk music in Assam is deeply rooted in the state’s agrarian lifestyle and cultural traditions. It serves as a means of storytelling, expressing emotions, and celebrating life’s occasions.
Bihu Songs
Bihu music, associated with the state’s most prominent festival, Bihu, is one
of Assam's most well-known folk traditions. These songs are characterized by
their lively rhythms and evocative lyrics, celebrating love, nature, and the
harvest. Accompanied by traditional instruments like the dhol, pepa
(buffalo hornpipe), and gogona (bamboo instrument), Bihu songs create an
energetic and festive atmosphere.
Zikir and Zari Songs
Introduced by the Sufi saint Ajan Fakir, Zikir songs are spiritual hymns that
promote peace and unity. Zari songs, on the other hand, are lamentations that
narrate events from Islamic history. Both genres reflect the harmonious
coexistence of various communities in Assam.
Tokari Geet and Borgeet
Tokari Geet derives its name from the tokari, a single-stringed
instrument used to accompany these songs. These compositions are simple yet
profound, often reflecting social and philosophical themes. Borgeet, composed
by the 15th-century saint and scholar Srimanta Sankardev, holds a special place
in Assamese music. These devotional songs, performed in sattras
(Vaishnavite monasteries), follow strict melodic and rhythmic structures.
Classical Music in Assam
Assamese classical music, while less prominent compared to its folk traditions, has a distinct identity influenced by Indian classical traditions.
Ankiya Naat and Bhaona Music
Ankiya Naat, a form of one-act play introduced by Srimanta Sankardev,
incorporates music as an integral element. The accompanying music, performed
during Bhaona (theatrical performances), employs ragas and talas (rhythmic
cycles) unique to Assam, making it a vital part of the classical tradition.
Ojapali
Ojapali is a semi-classical form that combines music, dance, and storytelling.
Performed by a group led by an oja (leader), this art form narrates
mythological tales, often from the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The
music of Ojapali is intricate, requiring performers to have extensive training
and skill.
Instruments and Their Role
Traditional instruments play a vital role in Assamese music. The dhol, nagada (kettle drum), mridanga, bahi (flute), and sutar pepa (reed instrument) enhance the richness of the musical experience. These instruments, crafted from local materials, contribute to the unique sound of Assamese music.
Preservation and Modern Influence
Efforts to preserve Assamese music are ongoing, with organizations and artists striving to document and promote traditional forms. Modern Assamese musicians often incorporate folk and classical elements into contemporary compositions, keeping the legacy alive while appealing to new audiences.
The music of Assam is a testament to its cultural diversity
and artistic excellence. Its folk and classical traditions continue to inspire
and connect communities, offering a timeless glimpse into the state’s vibrant
heritage.
