Bihu songs, or Bihu Geets, are an integral part of the Assamese culture, representing a vibrant tradition rooted in the history and customs of Assam. These songs play a vital role in the celebration of Bihu, one of the most important festivals of the region. The songs not only provide entertainment but also hold deep cultural, social, and emotional significance.
Historical Origins of Bihu Songs
Bihu songs trace their origins to the ancient customs of Assam, where agricultural rituals were performed to mark the change of seasons. The festival of Bihu is celebrated three times a year: Rongali Bihu, Bhogali Bihu, and Kati Bihu, with Rongali Bihu being the most prominent. It marks the Assamese New Year and is associated with the spring season, a time for sowing crops. The songs sung during this festival celebrate the arrival of spring, the harvest, and the celebration of life.
Bihu Geets or songs have been passed down through generations, originating in the rural heartlands of Assam, where they were traditionally sung by farmers and villagers during Bihu festivals. Over time, these songs evolved, incorporating elements of folk music and storytelling, and were performed with accompanying traditional dances.
Cultural Significance of Bihu Songs
Bihu songs are deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of Assam and hold great social and emotional value. These songs celebrate various aspects of life, from love and romance to the rhythms of nature. They are typically composed in the Assamese language, often with lyrics that express the joy, sorrow, and hopes of the people.
During the Bihu festival, groups of young men and women gather to sing these songs, which are accompanied by traditional instruments such as the dhol (drum), pepa (hornpipe), and the gogona (a reed instrument). The songs are not just for entertainment; they are a means of expressing cultural identity, community bonds, and shared experiences. The lyrics, which are often poetic and metaphorical, reflect the agricultural lifestyle, and the relationship between humans and nature.
One of the key themes in Bihu songs is the celebration of love and romance, often expressed through playful exchanges between young men and women. These songs have a festive and celebratory tone, fostering a sense of unity and joy among the participants. However, they also reflect the challenges of rural life, with songs that address themes like longing, separation, and hope.
Varieties of Bihu Songs
There are different types of Bihu songs, each associated with various aspects of the festival. The most common forms include:
Borgeet: These are devotional songs sung in praise of Lord Krishna, performed during the Bihu celebrations. These songs are a blend of classical music and folk traditions.
Xutuli Bihu Geet: These are songs performed during the Rongali Bihu, which typically involve male and female singers performing in a call-and-response manner.
Khol Bihu Geet: These songs are performed with the khol (a traditional drum) and are typically sung by groups during the Bihu celebrations.
Jhumur Geet: These songs are performed in the tea gardens of Assam and reflect the life and struggles of tea garden workers.
Bihu songs or Bihu Geets are more than just music; they are
an essential part of Assamese culture and heritage. They have played an
important role in connecting generations, preserving the traditions of Assam,
and celebrating the rhythms of life. Through their history, cultural
significance, and various forms, Bihu songs continue to be a symbol of the rich
traditions and lively spirit of Assam.
