Gemstones are defined as organic materials, mineral or rock that are used for several purposes like Astrology, jewelleries and ornamentations. Gemstones are also known as crystalline rock. Gemstones appear like a piece of attractive mineral. Gemstones like pearl or opals are commonly styled into art or jewellery and they do not require any sort of polishing or cuts. On the other hand, Diamond is a type of gem that needs proper cutting as well as polishing for making its true beauty visible. Gemstones are highly prized and are known for their beauty, durability and rarity.Origin of Gemstones
The origin of gemstones is from deep beneath the earth, while the others are formed from hot fluids and other chemical components. The gemstones that are formed deep beneath the earth ultimately brought to the surface by explosions of molten rocks. Some stones are also crystallised slowly from hot fluids and gases as they cooled and solidified eventually. These stones are formed far below the surface of the earth. Others stones are formed from liquids that are filtered into crack and pockets in the rock. Some stones are formed when rocks were heated and pressurised by the natural earth movements, and then again formed as a new, different mineral altogether.
Characteristics of Gemstones
The characteristics of gemstones can be explained by the Gemmologists. Gems are characterised by means of their refractive index, specific gravity, hardness, dispersion, lustre, etc. They may exhibit pleochroism or double refraction. Gemstones may also have a distinctive absorption spectrum and luminescence.
The colours of gemstones have a wide range of variations. The actual colour of a gemstone is because of the reflective and absorptive properties of any elements or impurities within the precious stone.Types of Gemstones
There are various types of gemstones present. All the gemstones are basically differentiated in two distinct groups of precious and semi-precious stones. Diamonds have also been considered as the most valuable of such stones. Other precious gemstones are ruby, emeralds, topaz, zircon and sapphires used in a wide range of purposes. Amethyst, opal, aquamarine, jade, turquoise, garnet, agate, onyx, apis lazuli and malachite are some of the popular semi-precious stones.
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