The Pillars of Ashoka, scattered across various locations in India, stand as enduring symbols of an ancient empire's architectural prowess, historical significance, and profound religious beliefs. These monolithic columns, erected during the reign of Emperor Ashoka Maurya in the 3rd century BCE, continue to captivate historians, archaeologists, and pilgrims alike. In this article, we will delve into the architectural, historical, and religious importance of these pillars at seven notable locations: Kausambhi (Allahabad), Topra (now Delhi), Meerut (now Delhi), Lauriya-Araraj, Lauriya-Nandangarh, Rampurva (Champaran), and the 7th one, famously known as the Delhi-Topra pillar.
Kausambhi (Allahabad) Pillar:
The Kausambhi Pillar, situated in Allahabad, presents a remarkable example of ancient Indian stone carving. Standing at a height of approximately 9 meters, it is a testament to the architectural expertise of the Mauryan era. This pillar bears Ashoka's edicts, proclaiming his commitment to dharma and moral governance.
Topra (Delhi) Pillar:
The Topra Pillar, now located in Delhi, is significant both architecturally and historically. Carved from a single piece of sandstone, it rises to nearly 14 meters. Its historical importance lies in the inscription that refers to Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism after the Kalinga War, which had a profound impact on Indian history. Pillars of Ashoka
Meerut (Delhi) Pillar:
The Meerut Pillar, also relocated to Delhi, is a part of the Ashokan legacy. It bears inscriptions that echo the Emperor's commitment to peaceful coexistence and the welfare of his subjects. Its architectural beauty lies in its exquisite polishing and craftsmanship.
Lauriya-Araraj Pillar:
The Lauriya-Araraj Pillar, located in modern-day Bihar, is a prime example of Mauryan stone carving techniques. This 32-foot pillar features a pair of lions seated back-to-back, symbolizing Ashoka's commitment to non-violence. The architectural significance here is in the detailed and lifelike rendering of the lions.
Lauriya-Nandangarh Pillar:
The Lauriya-Nandangarh Pillar, also situated in Bihar, exemplifies Ashoka's dedication to Buddhism. Its inscriptions detail the construction of stupas and the spreading of Buddhist teachings, showcasing the religious significance of these pillars. Architecturally, it stands as an example of Mauryan artistry.
Rampurva (Champaran) Pillar:
The Rampurva Pillar, located in Champaran, Bihar, is renowned for its depiction of a peacock and an elephant, both of which hold deep symbolism in Indian culture. The peacock symbolizes immortality, while the elephant represents the Buddha. This pillar's architectural uniqueness lies in its intricate animal carvings.
Delhi-Topra Pillar:
The Delhi-Topra Pillar, distinct from the Topra Pillar, is the seventh and most mysterious among Ashoka's pillars. It was discovered in 1966 near the Feroz Shah Kotla area in Delhi. The pillar's current location is not far from its original site. While its inscriptions remain largely illegible, its architectural style aligns with the Mauryan pillars. This enigmatic pillar continues to be a subject of scholarly study and debate. Monuments of Delhi
In addition to their architectural and historical importance, the Pillars of Ashoka hold immense religious significance. Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism is well-documented, and these pillars served as instruments for propagating his newfound faith. They bear inscriptions of Ashoka's adherence to dharma, his efforts to promote the welfare of his subjects, and his commitment to religious tolerance and non-violence. These principles align closely with the core teachings of Buddhism, making the pillars a potent symbol of both Ashoka's rule and the spread of Buddhism across India.
